Question 1

What is a strategy for enhancing quality during the coding and analysis of qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

A)   Investigator triangulation
B)   Data triangulation
C)   Method triangulation
D)   Research credibilityE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

A formal scrutiny of the research process and audit trial documents occurs by an independent external auditor. What is the term for this process?

Accepted Answer

A)   Negative case analysis
B)   Peer debriefing
C)   Inquiry audit
D)   Research credibilityE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

What is one contentious issue in the debate about quality concerns in qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

A)   The sameness of the two methods
B)   Criteria to use as indicators of validity and reliability
C)   The place of imagination in qualitative research
D)   The need for high-quality research in both traditionsE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

What is triangulation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Use of multiple data sources to validate conclusions
B)   Use of multiple methods to collect data about the same phenomenon
C)   Process of using multiple referents to draw conclusions about constitutes the truth
D)   Independent coding and analysis of at least a portion of the data by two or more researchersE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

An alternative framework, representing a synthesis of 10 qualitative validity schemes by Whittemore and colleagues, proposed four primary criteria and six secondary criteria. What is criticality?

Accepted Answer

A)   Researcher's critical appraisal of every research decision
B)   Demonstrated by ongoing self-scrutiny to enhance the likelihood that interpretations are valid and grounded in the data
C)   Ability to follow the researcher's decisions through careful demonstration
D)   Involves rich and vivid descriptionsE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

An alternative framework, representing a synthesis of 10 qualitative validity schemes by Whittemore and colleagues, proposed four primary criteria and six secondary criteria. What is sensitivity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Degree to which an inquiry reflects respectand compassion for those being studied.
B)   Interconnectedness between parts of the inquiry and the whole, and between study findings and external contexts
C)   Comprehensive data and the full development of ideas
D)   Reflects challenges to traditional ways of thinkingE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

What is authenticity in the often-used framework of quality criteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   Confidence in the truth value of the findings
B)   Stability of data over time and conditions.
C)   Objectivity or neutrality of the data.
D)   Extent to which researchers fairly and faithfully show a range of different realities and convey the feeling tone of lives as they are lived.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Strategies for enhancing the quality of qualitative data as they are being collected include prolonged engagement. What is prolonged engagement?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vivid recording of information including maintenance of an audit trail of keydecisions
B)   Strives at achieving adequate depth of data coverage
C)   Strives for adequate scope of data coverage
D)   Process of using multiple referents to draw conclusions about constitutes the truthE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

What is confirmability in the often-used framework of quality criteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   Confidence in the truth value of the findings
B)   Stability of data over time and conditions
C)   Objectivity or neutrality of the data Analog of external validity and the extent
D)   to which findings from the data can be transferred to other settings or groupsE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 10

What is theory triangulation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Use of multiple data sources to validate conclusions
B)   Use of multiple methods to collect data about the same phenomenon
C)   Use of competing theories or hypotheses in the analysis and interpretation of data
D)   Independent coding and analysis of at least a portion of the data by two or more researchersE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

The most-often used framework of quality criteria is that of Lincoln and Guba. How many criteria are identified for evaluating trustworthiness of the inquiry?

Accepted Answer

A)   2
B)   3
C)   4
D)   5E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

In the view of Whittemore and colleagues' framework, four primary criteria are essential to all quality inquiry. The terminology overlaps with Lincoln and Guba's framework regarding two criteria. Which two criteria overlap?

Accepted Answer

A)   Authenticity and criticality
B)   Creativity and congruence
C)   Integrity and creativity
D)   Credibility and authenticityE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

There is widespread agreement that qualitative researchers need to devote time and energy to analyzing and documenting their presuppositions, biases, and ongoing emotions. What commitment does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   Transparency
B)   Absorption and Diligence
C)   Verification
D)   ReflexivityE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 14

An alternative framework, representing a synthesis of 10 qualitative validity schemes by Whittemore and colleagues, proposed four primary criteria and six secondary criteria. What is explicitness?

Accepted Answer

A)   Researcher's critical appraisal of every research decision
B)   Demonstrated by ongoing self-scrutiny to enhance the likelihood that interpretations are valid and grounded in the data
C)   Ability to follow the researcher's decisions through careful demonstration
D)   Involves rich and vivid descriptionsE) A) and D)
F) B) and C) A

Question 15

What term is the analog of external validity in quantitative studies?

Accepted Answer

A)   Credibility
B)   Dependability
C)   Confirmability
D)   TransferabilityE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

An alternative framework, representing a synthesis of 10 qualitative validity schemes by Whittemore and colleagues, proposed four primary criteria and six secondary criteria. What is integrity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Researcher's critical appraisal of every research decision
B)   Demonstrated by ongoing self-scrutiny to enhance the likelihood that interpretations are valid and grounded in the data
C)   Ability to follow the researcher's decisions through careful demonstration
D)   Involves rich and vivid descriptionsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

In the view of Whittemore and colleagues' framework, four primary criteria are essential to all quality inquiry. What is one of the primary criteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   Credibility
B)   Creativity
C)   Congruence
D)   ExplicitnessE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

The qualitative study has a lot of stability of data over time and conditions. What term is somewhat analogous to reliability in quantitative studies?

Accepted Answer

A)   Credibility
B)   Dependability
C)   Confirmability
D)   TransferabilityE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

What is credibility in the often-used framework of quality criteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   Confidence in the truth value of the findings
B)   Stability of data over time and conditions
C)   Objectivity or neutrality of the data
D)   Analog of external validity and the extent to which findings from the data can be transferred to other settings or groupsE) B) and C)
F) C) and D) A

Question 20

What is the purpose of a peer briefing?

Accepted Answer

A)   Internal validity of data
B)   Reliability of data
C)   External validity of data
D)   Reliability and validity of dataE) B) and C)
F) A) and D) C

Exam 23: Trustworthiness and Integrity in Qualitative Research

What is a strategy for enhancing quality during the coding and analysis of qualitative data?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A formal scrutiny of the research process and audit trial documents occurs by an independent external auditor. What is the term for this process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one contentious issue in the debate about quality concerns in qualitative research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is triangulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An alternative framework, representing a synthesis of 10 qualitative validity schemes by Whittemore and colleagues, proposed four primary criteria and six secondary criteria. What is criticality?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An alternative framework, representing a synthesis of 10 qualitative validity schemes by Whittemore and colleagues, proposed four primary criteria and six secondary criteria. What is sensitivity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is authenticity in the often-used framework of quality criteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Strategies for enhancing the quality of qualitative data as they are being collected include prolonged engagement. What is prolonged engagement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is confirmability in the often-used framework of quality criteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is theory triangulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most-often used framework of quality criteria is that of Lincoln and Guba. How many criteria are identified for evaluating trustworthiness of the inquiry?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the view of Whittemore and colleagues' framework, four primary criteria are essential to all quality inquiry. The terminology overlaps with Lincoln and Guba's framework regarding two criteria. Which two criteria overlap?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There is widespread agreement that qualitative researchers need to devote time and energy to analyzing and documenting their presuppositions, biases, and ongoing emotions. What commitment does this represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An alternative framework, representing a synthesis of 10 qualitative validity schemes by Whittemore and colleagues, proposed four primary criteria and six secondary criteria. What is explicitness?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

What term is the analog of external validity in quantitative studies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An alternative framework, representing a synthesis of 10 qualitative validity schemes by Whittemore and colleagues, proposed four primary criteria and six secondary criteria. What is integrity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the view of Whittemore and colleagues' framework, four primary criteria are essential to all quality inquiry. What is one of the primary criteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The qualitative study has a lot of stability of data over time and conditions. What term is somewhat analogous to reliability in quantitative studies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is credibility in the often-used framework of quality criteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

What is the purpose of a peer briefing?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

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