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Exam 8: Cryptography

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Question 51

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The process of obtaining the plaintext message from a ciphertext message without knowing the keys used to perform the encryption is called ___________.

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Question 52

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Steganography is a data hiding method that involves embedding information within other files, such as digital pictures or other images.

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Question 53

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Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) uses the freeware ZIP algorithm to compress the message after it has been digitally signed but before it is encrypted. _________________________

A(n) distinguished name uniquely identifies a certificate entity to a user's public key. _________________________

__________ is the entire range of values that can possibly be used to construct an individual key.

In the context of a PKI, a(n) ____________________ authority operates under the trusted collaboration of the certificate authority and can be delegated day-to-day certification functions, such as verifying registration information about new registrants, generating end-user keys, revoking certificates, and validating that users possess a valid certificate.

Describe symmetric and asymmetric encryption.

The successor to 3DES is the ____________________ Encryption Standard.

A mathematical ____________________ is a secret mechanism that enables you to easily accomplish the reverse function in a one-way function.

To use a(n) ____________________ cipher, you substitute one value for another.

The most popular modern version of steganography involves hiding information within files that contain digital pictures or other images. _________________________

__________ is an integrated system of software, encryption methodologies, protocols, legal agreements, and third-party services that enables users to communicate securely.

At the World Championships in Athletics in Helsinki in August 2005, a virus called Cabir infected dozens of __________, the first time this occurred in a public setting.

Hashing functions do not require the use of keys, but it is possible to attach a ____________________ code to allow only specified recipients to access the message digest.

To encipher means to decrypt, decode, or convert ciphertext into the equivalent plaintext. _________________________

UltraViolet wireless (UVW) is a de facto industry standard for short-range wireless communications between devices. _________________________

In IPSec ____________________ mode, only the IP data is encrypted, not the IP headers.

Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is an open-source protocol framework for security development within the TCP/IP family of protocols.

The __________ algorithm, developed in 1977, was the first public-key encryption algorithm published for commercial use.

Ciphertext or a cryptogram is an encoded message, or a message that has been successfully encrypted. _________________________