Question 1

Suppose that Al is obese, and you are prejudiced against obese people. Which of the following would be the best example of stigma by association?

Accepted Answer

A)   You evaluate people less positively when you find out they are friends with Al.
B)   You assume that because Al is obese, he probably has several other negative qualities as well (slovenliness, inarticulateness, etc.) .
C)   You assume that Al is similar to other obese people.
D)   You try not to associate with Al because at some level you are afraid (albeit irrationally)  of becoming obese yourself.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

Max is on a date with Ella. Ella is an obese woman. People around Max look at him as if he is less successful than he actually is because he is on a date with an obese woman. This is an example of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

stigma by ...

Question 3

Implicit prejudiced attitudes are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   fairly uncommon and do a poor job of predicting behavior
B)   fairly uncommon, but do a good job of predicting behavior
C)   fairly common, but do a poor job of predicting behavior
D)   fairly common and do a good job of predicting behaviorE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 4

Countries that value competition generally have ____ levels of conflict and ____ levels of economic success.

Accepted Answer

A)   higher; higher
B)   higher; lower
C)   lower; higher
D)   lower; lowerE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

The so-called "discontinuity effect" is lessened when ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   there is preexisting animosity between the groups
B)   the group is large rather than small
C)   individuals are highly identified with their group
D)   individual group members are identifiableE) A) and B)
F) None of the above D

Question 6

As discussed in the textbook, stereotyping is best thought of as a(n)  ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   outgrowth of a prejudice or group of prejudices
B)   type of prejudice
C)   example of subtyping
D)   consequence of the human tendency for social categorizationE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 7

Das, Bushman, Bezemer, Kerkhof, and Vermeulen used what naturally occurring factor in their study of attitudes toward Arab integration in Dutch society?

Accepted Answer

A)   The September 11th terrorist attacks in the United States
B)   The murder of Theo van Gogh in Amsterdam
C)   The election of Barack Obama in the United States
D)   The contested election of President Mahmoud Amhadinejad in IranE) C) and D)
F) B) and C) B

Question 8

Most people assume that outgroup members are relatively similar to one another, while ingroup members are relatively different from one another. This tendency is known as the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

outgroup h...

Question 9

As described in the text, college students sometimes stereotype female professors as less competent than male professors. However, this stereotype only seems to surface ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   when students are evaluated negatively by a female professor
B)   when students are taking classes from both male and female professors
C)   among male students
D)   among students who perform poorly in schoolE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Social psychologists use the term ____________________ to refer to the unequal treatment of different people based on the groups or categories to which they belong.

Accepted Answer

"discrimin...

Question 11

Research suggests that, when it comes to prejudice reduction, direct educational and attitude-change techniques are most effective at dealing with ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   aversive racism
B)   overt expressions of prejudice
C)   implicit prejudice
D)   prejudiced body language (e.g., nonverbal cues that indicate prejudice) .E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following comes closest to the textbook's conclusion regarding the elimination of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

A)   While it is possible to meaningfully reduce specific prejudices, the tendencies for stereotyping and ingroup favoritism appear to be innate.
B)   Prejudice could be significantly reduced via education and structural changes to society.
C)   Prejudice is not at all inevitable; it exists in some cultures but not in others, suggesting that a prejudice-free culture is wholly possible.
D)   Prejudice is more or less natural, and almost all attempts to reduce prejudices have been completely ineffective.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Research suggests that, by and large, stereotypes function as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   desires or hopes
B)   hard-and-fast beliefs
C)   fears or suspicions
D)   expectations or hypothesesE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Jayne firmly believes that prejudice is wrong, and works hard to consciously overcome any stereotypes she feels might interfere with her judgments. Jayne has an External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The tendency to focus more on evidence that confirms rather than refutes one's expectations is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   the self-serving bias
B)   salience
C)   the confirmation bias
D)   the discontinuity effectE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Suppose that some people have just been randomly assigned to two different teams. Research suggests that these people would be likely to exhibit discriminatory behavior (favoring the ingroup, and disfavoring the outgroup)  ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   immediately, as soon as the groups had been defined
B)   as soon as their ingroup became an important part of their personal identity
C)   only after the two teams had engaged in direct competition
D)   only after they had "bonded" with their ingroup by enduring a shared hardshipE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Based on the definition of stereotyping given in the textbook, stereotypes can be either positive or negative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Certain features of objects or people are more noticeable or obvious than others. Features that are more obvious are called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Certain features of objects or people are...

Question 19

Based on the textbook's definitions of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination, which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Discrimination is always accompanied by prejudice.
B)   Prejudice is always accompanied by discrimination.
C)   A prejudice can be positive or negative.
D)   A stereotype can be positive or negative.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

According to the textbook, which of the following statements is most accurate regarding prejudice towards Arabs and Muslims living in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)   Prejudice and discrimination against Arabs and Muslims living in the United States has increased dramatically since the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks.
B)   Prejudice and discrimination against Arabs and Muslims living in the United States has actually decreased since the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks.
C)   Prejudice and discrimination against Arabs and Muslims living in the United States is about the same as before the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks.
D)   The U.S. government has banned research on the topic of prejudice and discrimination against Arabs and Muslims living in the United States since the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks.E) None of the above
F) B) and D) A

Exam 13: Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Suppose that Al is obese, and you are prejudiced against obese people. Which of the following would be the best example of stigma by association?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Max is on a date with Ella. Ella is an obese woman. People around Max look at him as if he is less successful than he actually is because he is on a date with an obese woman. This is an example of ____________________.

Correct Answerverifiedstigma by ...View AnswerShow Answer

Implicit prejudiced attitudes are ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Countries that value competition generally have ____ levels of conflict and ____ levels of economic success.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The so-called "discontinuity effect" is lessened when ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

As discussed in the textbook, stereotyping is best thought of as a(n) ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Das, Bushman, Bezemer, Kerkhof, and Vermeulen used what naturally occurring factor in their study of attitudes toward Arab integration in Dutch society?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Most people assume that outgroup members are relatively similar to one another, while ingroup members are relatively different from one another. This tendency is known as the ____________________.

Correct Answerverifiedoutgroup h...View AnswerShow Answer

As described in the text, college students sometimes stereotype female professors as less competent than male professors. However, this stereotype only seems to surface ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social psychologists use the term ____________________ to refer to the unequal treatment of different people based on the groups or categories to which they belong.

Correct Answerverified"discrimin...View AnswerShow Answer

Research suggests that, when it comes to prejudice reduction, direct educational and attitude-change techniques are most effective at dealing with ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following comes closest to the textbook's conclusion regarding the elimination of prejudice?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that, by and large, stereotypes function as ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jayne firmly believes that prejudice is wrong, and works hard to consciously overcome any stereotypes she feels might interfere with her judgments. Jayne has an External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency to focus more on evidence that confirms rather than refutes one's expectations is called ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose that some people have just been randomly assigned to two different teams. Research suggests that these people would be likely to exhibit discriminatory behavior (favoring the ingroup, and disfavoring the outgroup) ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the definition of stereotyping given in the textbook, stereotypes can be either positive or negative.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Certain features of objects or people are more noticeable or obvious than others. Features that are more obvious are called ____________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the textbook's definitions of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination, which of the following statements is most accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the textbook, which of the following statements is most accurate regarding prejudice towards Arabs and Muslims living in the United States?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

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stigma by ...
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Countries that value competition generally have levels of conflict and levels of economic success.

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B

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outgroup h...
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A