Question 1

Exotoxins ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  are secreted by pathogenic organisms
B)  are bound to the membrane of pathogenic organisms
C)  are bound to the cell wall of pathogenic organisms
D)  cause more damage than endotoxins
E)  are host specificF) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 2

A fetus can get an infection when a pathogen in the mother's blood is capable of crossing the placenta to the fetal circulation and tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The term infection refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  microorganisms colonizing the body.
B)  contact with microorganisms.
C)  contact with pathogens.
D)  pathogens penetrating host defenses.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

All of the following genera are considered resident biota of skin sites except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia
B)  Staphylococcus
C)  Corynebacterium
D)  Micrococcus
E)  CandidaF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

The difference between the terms pathogenicity and virulence is that

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogenic organisms cause disease, virulent organisms do not.
B)  virulent organisms cause disease, pathogens do not.
C)  pathogens cause disease and their virulence describes the degree of pathogenicity.
D)  virulent organisms cause disease and their pathogenicity describes the degree of disease manifestations.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

An example of an epigenetic change is

Accepted Answer

A)  a microbe secreting hyaluronidase to break down host hyaluronic acid.
B)  Clostridium tetani secreting the exotoxin tetanospasmin.
C)  a gram-negative organism releasing lipopolysaccharide from its cell wall upon lysis.
D)  a microbe that can induce changes in host DNA, resulting in suppression of defenses or weakening of individual cells.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

When would Koch's postulates be utilized?

Accepted Answer

A)  to determine the cause of a patient's illness in a hospital microbiology lab
B)  to develop a new antibiotic in a pharmaceutical lab
C)  to determine the cause of a new disease in a microbiology research lab
D)  to formulate a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab
E)  whenever the scientific method cannot be used to investigate a microbiological problemF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

Normal biota includes each of the following except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria
B)  fungi
C)  protozoans
D)  viruses
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  prodromal stage
B)  convalescent stage
C)  incubation period
D)  period of invasionE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 10

In the movie "Contagion", one person who has become infected with a recombinant pathogenic virus spreads it to a large number of people with whom she comes into contact.Those people then spread it to others, and, before you know it, the disease has spread all over the world.This is an example of a _______ epidemic.

Accepted Answer

A)  point-source
B)  common-source
C)  propagated
D)  endemicE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 11

An infectious agent that originates from outside the body is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  exogenous
B)  an exotoxin
C)  an enterotoxin
D)  endogenous
E)  axenicF) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

Lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  exotoxin
B)  endotoxin
C)  enterotoxin
D)  leukocidin
E)  hemolysinF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

The total number of deaths in a population due to a disease is the ______ rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  morbidity
B)  mortality
C)  incidence
D)  endemic
E)  pandemicF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time compared with the healthy population is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  mortality rate
B)  morbidity rate
C)  incidence rate
D)  prevalence rate
E)  epidemic rateF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

The skin's resident biota are localized to only the outermost superficial layer of the epidermis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Animals that participate in the life cycles of pathogens and transmit pathogens from host to host are
______.

Accepted Answer

A)  fomites
B)  aerosols
C)  mechanical vectors
D)  droplet nuclei
E)  biological vectorsF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

The prevalence rate of tuberculosis in one particular county in Texas is 7/1000 people, while the incidence rate for 2011 is 2/1000 people.Analyze this data and summarize the situation.

Accepted Answer

A)  The data were collected incorrectly because the two values should match.
B)  Incidence rate should really be higher than prevalence rate because it includes all new cases for the year.
C)  Prevalence rate is higher than incidence rate because the number of people still alive with tuberculosis is higher because of better treatments.
D)  Prevalence rate and incidence rate cannot be determined for the same disease.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Based on new information from the Human Microbiome Project, the human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota

Accepted Answer

A)  before birth, in utero.
B)  during and immediately after birth.
C)  when a child first goes to school.
D)  when an infant gets its first infectious disease.
E)  during puberty.F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

The subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient is termed a/an ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  syndrome
B)  symptom
C)  sign
D)  pathology
E)  inflammationF) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

A sign is

Accepted Answer

A)  an objective indication of disease.
B)  a subjective indication of disease.
C)  measurable by health care personnel.
D)  malaise and body aches.
E)  an objective indication of disease that is measurable by health care personnel.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Exam 13: Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls is called ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient is termed a/an ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Based on new information from the Human Microbiome Project, the human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota

Correct Answer
verified

The term infection refers to

Correct Answer
verified

The total number of deaths in a population due to a disease is the ______ rate.

Correct Answer
verified

The skin's resident biota are localized to only the outermost superficial layer of the epidermis.

Correct Answer
verified

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time compared with the healthy population is the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

An infectious agent that originates from outside the body is called ______.

Correct Answer
verified

When would Koch's postulates be utilized?

Correct Answer
verified

The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Animals that participate in the life cycles of pathogens and transmit pathogens from host to host are ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exotoxins ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The prevalence rate of tuberculosis in one particular county in Texas is 7/1000 people, while the incidence rate for 2011 is 2/1000 people.Analyze this data and summarize the situation.

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following genera are considered resident biota of skin sites except ______.

Correct Answer
verified

An example of an epigenetic change is

Correct Answer
verified

A sign is

Correct Answer
verified

Normal biota includes each of the following except ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The difference between the terms pathogenicity and virulence is that

Correct Answer
verified

A fetus can get an infection when a pathogen in the mother's blood is capable of crossing the placenta to the fetal circulation and tissues.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 13: Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient is termed a/an ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on new information from the Human Microbiome Project, the human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term infection refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The total number of deaths in a population due to a disease is the ______ rate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The skin's resident biota are localized to only the outermost superficial layer of the epidermis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time compared with the healthy population is the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An infectious agent that originates from outside the body is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When would Koch's postulates be utilized?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Animals that participate in the life cycles of pathogens and transmit pathogens from host to host are ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exotoxins ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The prevalence rate of tuberculosis in one particular county in Texas is 7/1000 people, while the incidence rate for 2011 is 2/1000 people.Analyze this data and summarize the situation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following genera are considered resident biota of skin sites except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An example of an epigenetic change is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A sign is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normal biota includes each of the following except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The difference between the terms pathogenicity and virulence is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fetus can get an infection when a pathogen in the mother's blood is capable of crossing the placenta to the fetal circulation and tissues.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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