Question 1

Which of the following types of consequences is CORRECTLY matched with an example?

Accepted Answer

A)   Positive reinforcement - Vickie applies lotion to lessen the discomfort of a small burn
B)   Negative reinforcement - Ella's parents confiscate her car keys for breaking curfew
C)   Positive punishment - Laurel's mother yells at her when Laurel takes $20 from her mom's purse
D)   Negative punishment - Maddie receives a bonus for outstanding work performanceE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Paychecks and semester grades are delivered on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-ratio
B)   fixed-interval
C)   variable-ratio
D)   variable-intervalE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Sheryl's parents have told her that she is "grounded" and will not be allowed to watch any television for a week,because she is not completing her assignments on time.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   negative punishment.
B)   negative reinforcement.
C)   positive punishment.
D)   positive reinforcement.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B) A

Question 4

A bright flash automatically causes us to blink.It is a(n)response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A bright flash automatically causes us to...

Question 5

occurs when an extinguished conditioned response reappears after a period of rest.

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery

Question 6

_____ stimulus does not naturally bring about the response of interest.

Accepted Answer

A)   Reflexive
B)   Unconditioned
C)   Neutral
D)   NormativeE) B) and C)
F) None of the above C

Question 7

Alexis uses cocaine,which activates her sympathetic nervous system.Expecting her dealer,her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a knock on the door.Which alternative below CORRECTLY identifies the neutral stimulus,the CS,and the UCS?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neutral stimulus-knock on the door;CS-cocaine;UCS-cocaine
B)   Neutral stimulus-knock on the door;CS-knock on the door;UCS-pounding heart
C)   Neutral stimulus-knock on the door;CS-knock on the door;UCS-cocaine
D)   Neutral stimulus-cocaine;CS-knock on the door;UCS-cocaineE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

A stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated is termed a(n).

Accepted Answer

The answer of A stimulus that increases the probability that...

Question 9

As part of a behavior modification program,Kendra and her partner each agree to praise the other if she completes her assigned household chores by the end of the day.Such praise is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcement
B)   tertiary reinforcement
C)   positive reinforcement
D)   negative reinforcementE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Operant conditioning most importantly involves forming associations between:

Accepted Answer

A)   neutral and unconditioned stimuli.
B)   stimuli and involuntary behavior.
C)   behavior and consequences.
D)   conditioned response and reflex.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

The cognitive learning concept of _____ learning is associated most prominently with _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   latent;Tolman
B)   latent;Thorndike
C)   implicit;Tolman
D)   implicit;ThorndikeE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Sheryl makes pleasant small talk and pays her boss a compliment before asking for a personal day,because such a strategy was successful with a few of her previous bosses.This example most clearly illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus generalization.
B)   stimulus control.
C)   stimulus discrimination.
D)   shaping.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Observational learning is based in part on the activity of _____ neurons in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)   mirror
B)   reflexive
C)   imitative
D)   modelingE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 14

In what way does learned taste aversion seem to contradict the basic principles of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   In learned taste aversion,the CS and the unconditioned response (UCR) are separated by only a brief interval.
B)   Learned taste aversion can occur after only a single CS-UCR pairing.
C)   Learned taste aversion takes longer to develop than do most classical conditioning processes.
D)   Learned taste aversion is subject to biologically based constraints while,classical conditioning is not.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 15

_____ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response.

Accepted Answer

A)   Classical conditioning
B)   Operant conditioning
C)   Observational learning
D)   Instrumental conditioningE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

A variable-interval schedule is a schedule:

Accepted Answer

A)   by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made.
B)   by which reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses rather than after a fixed number.
C)   that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed,making overall rates of response relatively low.
D)   by which the time between reinforcements fluctuates around some average rather than being fixed.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

A variable-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Accepted Answer

A)   by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made.
B)   by which reinforcement occurs after a fluctuating number of responses rather than after a fixed number.
C)   that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed,making overall rates of response relatively low.
D)   by which the time between reinforcements varies around some average rather than being fixed.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 18

You have a kind of picture in your head of your hometown,a mental representation of its layout and the location of key landmarks,like rivers,buildings,freeways,and parks.This representation is called a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   internal navigator.
B)   mental GPS.
C)   cognitive map.
D)   perceptual blueprint.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

The _____ is an approach to the study of learning that focuses on the thought processes that underlie learning.

Accepted Answer

A)   transformative learning theory
B)   behavioral learning theory
C)   cognitive learning theory
D)   constructivism learning theoryE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Learning by watching the behavior of another person,or model is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   perceptual learning
B)   observational learning
C)   latent learning
D)   tangential learningE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 5: Learning

Which of the following types of consequences is CORRECTLY matched with an example?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Paychecks and semester grades are delivered on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sheryl's parents have told her that she is "grounded" and will not be allowed to watch any television for a week,because she is not completing her assignments on time.This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

A bright flash automatically causes us to blink.It is a(n)response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

occurs when an extinguished conditioned response reappears after a period of rest.

Correct AnswerverifiedSpontaneous recovery

_____ stimulus does not naturally bring about the response of interest.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Alexis uses cocaine,which activates her sympathetic nervous system.Expecting her dealer,her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a knock on the door.Which alternative below CORRECTLY identifies the neutral stimulus,the CS,and the UCS?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated is termed a(n).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As part of a behavior modification program,Kendra and her partner each agree to praise the other if she completes her assigned household chores by the end of the day.Such praise is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operant conditioning most importantly involves forming associations between:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cognitive learning concept of _____ learning is associated most prominently with _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sheryl makes pleasant small talk and pays her boss a compliment before asking for a personal day,because such a strategy was successful with a few of her previous bosses.This example most clearly illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Observational learning is based in part on the activity of _____ neurons in the brain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what way does learned taste aversion seem to contradict the basic principles of classical conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A variable-interval schedule is a schedule:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A variable-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have a kind of picture in your head of your hometown,a mental representation of its layout and the location of key landmarks,like rivers,buildings,freeways,and parks.This representation is called a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ is an approach to the study of learning that focuses on the thought processes that underlie learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning by watching the behavior of another person,or model is known as _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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Spontaneous recovery

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C

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The cognitive learning concept of _ learning is associated most prominently with _.

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