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Exam 2: Cryptographic Tools

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Question 21

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If the only form of attack that could be made on an encryption algorithm is brute-force,then the way to counter such attacks would be to __________ .

A) use longer keys
B) use shorter keys
C) use more keys
D) use less keys

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 22

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The __________ algorithm takes the ciphertext and the secret key and produces the original plaintext.

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Question 23

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The purpose of a __________ is to produce a "fingerprint" of a file,message,or other block of data.

Two of the most important applications of public-key encryption are digital signatures and key management.

Modes of operation are the alternative techniques that have been developed to increase the security of symmetric block encryption for large sequences of data.

Public-key algorithms are based on simple operations on bit patterns.

Some form of protocol is needed for public-key distribution.

Triple DES takes a plaintext block of 64 bits and a key of 56 bits to produce a ciphertext block of 64 bits.

A message authentication code is a small block of data generated by a secret key and appended to a message.

Symmetric encryption is used primarily to provide confidentiality.

A _________ protects against an attack in which one party generates a message for another party to sign.

A __________ processes the plaintext input in fixed-size blocks and produces a block of ciphertext of equal size for each plaintext block.

Also referred to as single-key encryption,the universal technique for providing confidentiality for transmitted or stored data is __________ .

The original message or data that is fed into the algorithm is __________.

Like the MAC,a hash function also takes a secret key as input.

The purpose of the __________ algorithm is to enable two users to securely reach agreement about a shared secret that can be used as a secret key for subsequent symmetric encryption of messages.

The most important symmetric algorithms,all of which are block ciphers,are the DES,triple DES,and the __________.

There are two general approaches to attacking a symmetric encryption scheme: cryptanalytic attacks and __________ attacks.

T F 4.The secret key is input to the encryption algorithm.

The two criteria used to validate that a sequence of numbers is random are independence and _________ .